What Is a Stomach Ulcer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Methods

A stomach ulcer is an open sore or lesion that develops in the inner lining of the stomach and is considered a type of peptic ulcer. It may develop due to an H. pylori infection or the repeated use of certain pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications. It can cause pain or a burning sensation in the upper abdomen, while some people may not experience noticeable symptoms. Although stomach ulcers are treatable in most cases, ignoring them may lead to complications such as bleeding or perforation of the stomach wall. Therefore, understanding their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods can help address them early and appropriately.

Medical Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical evaluation. We have not been provided with evidence that a specific doctor reviewed this particular article.

What Is a Stomach Ulcer and How Does It Develop?

A stomach ulcer is a damaged area or open sore in the lining of the stomach. It develops when the stomach's protective mechanisms become weakened against factors that can cause tissue damage, particularly H. pylori infection and certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A stomach ulcer differs from a duodenal ulcer in terms of its location, although both are types of peptic ulcers. An ulcer may be small or larger in size and may occur without noticeable symptoms. The doctor determines the cause of the ulcer based on the patient's medical history and appropriate tests, especially when symptoms are recurrent or there are signs that require medical evaluation.

What Are the Symptoms of a Stomach Ulcer?

The symptoms of a stomach ulcer vary from one person to another, and some people may not experience symptoms initially. One of the most common signs is pain or a burning sensation in the upper abdomen. The pain may occur intermittently or become worse at certain times, such as between meals or at night in some patients. Other digestive symptoms may also occur, including:

• Bloating and frequent belching.

• Feeling full quickly while eating.

• Nausea or vomiting.

• Indigestion or discomfort after eating.

Vomiting blood, black stools, or sudden severe abdominal pain are signs that require immediate medical attention.

What Causes Stomach Ulcers?

One of the main causes of stomach ulcers is an H. pylori infection. This bacterium, also known as Helicobacter pylori, can affect the stomach's protective lining and make it more vulnerable to damage. Frequent or long-term use of certain NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen, is also an important cause, particularly when used at high doses or continuously. Other factors may increase the likelihood of developing an ulcer or affect its severity, including smoking and certain medical conditions and medications. Therefore, stomach pain should not automatically be attributed to excess stomach acid, as identifying the underlying cause is essential for choosing the appropriate treatment.

Can H. Pylori Cause a Stomach Ulcer?

Yes. H. pylori is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers and may be responsible for stomach ulcers in some patients. The infection may be present without noticeable symptoms, but persistent infection can cause inflammation and damage to the stomach lining, increasing the likelihood of ulcer formation. Therefore, the doctor may request an H. pylori test when a stomach ulcer is suspected. Common tests include the urea breath test and stool test, while a tissue sample may be taken during a gastroscopy in some cases. If the infection is confirmed, treatment typically involves a combination of medications prescribed by the doctor to eliminate the bacteria and reduce stomach acid.

How Is a Stomach Ulcer Diagnosed?

Diagnosing a stomach ulcer involves evaluating the patient's symptoms, medical history, and medications, followed by selecting the appropriate tests. The doctor may use tests to detect H. pylori, such as a breath test or stool test. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may also be requested to directly examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Endoscopy allows the doctor to identify the location of the ulcer and assess it, and tissue samples may be taken when necessary for examination. Other imaging tests may also be used in certain cases. Having stomach pain alone does not mean that a person has an ulcer, so the diagnosis depends on medical evaluation rather than symptoms alone.

How Is a Stomach Ulcer Treated?

Treatment for a stomach ulcer varies depending on its cause, the patient's health condition, and the presence of any complications. Doctors usually prescribe medications that reduce stomach acid production, including proton pump inhibitors, to help the ulcer heal. If H. pylori is the cause, the patient needs treatment that combines antibiotics with medications that reduce stomach acid according to the treatment plan prescribed by the doctor. If the ulcer is associated with NSAID use, the doctor may recommend stopping or changing the medication or taking measures to protect the stomach, depending on the patient's condition. Antibiotics or ulcer medications should not be taken without medical advice, as the choice of treatment, dosage, and duration depend on the underlying cause.

What Should a Person With a Stomach Ulcer Eat and When Should They See a Doctor?

There is no single diet proven to treat or prevent stomach ulcers in everyone, but certain dietary changes may help reduce symptoms depending on what triggers symptoms for each individual. Eating appropriate, balanced meals and avoiding foods or drinks that worsen symptoms may be helpful, along with avoiding smoking and following the prescribed treatment. Most importantly, the underlying cause should be treated rather than relying solely on dietary changes. You should consult a doctor if stomach pain persists or keeps recurring. Immediate medical care is necessary if you experience vomiting that contains blood, black stools, severe and sudden abdominal pain that does not go away, dizziness, or fainting, as these symptoms may indicate bleeding or serious complications.

Book Your Medical Consultation if Stomach Ulcer Symptoms Persist

If you experience recurrent pain or burning in the upper abdomen or persistent digestive symptoms, it is best not to rely on painkillers or home remedies for extended periods without determining the underlying cause. A gastroenterologist can evaluate your symptoms, determine whether H. pylori testing or an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is needed, and develop an appropriate treatment plan. The team at Smouha Scope, specializing in gastrointestinal endoscopy, can evaluate cases that require endoscopic examination and diagnose stomach and digestive system conditions using the endoscopic techniques available at the center.

Frequently Asked Questions About Stomach Ulcers

Are Stomach Ulcers Dangerous?

Stomach ulcers can be treatable, but leaving them untreated may lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation of the stomach wall, or gastric outlet obstruction. Medical evaluation becomes particularly important when severe symptoms or signs of bleeding are present.

Can a Stomach Ulcer Be Fatal?

A stomach ulcer does not usually lead to death when diagnosed and treated appropriately. However, severe complications, particularly acute bleeding or stomach perforation, can be serious and require immediate medical intervention.

Can a Stomach Ulcer Heal?

Yes. A stomach ulcer can heal in many cases when the underlying cause is treated and appropriate medications are used. The duration of treatment varies depending on the cause of the ulcer, the patient's response to treatment, and the presence of any complications.

Can H. Pylori Cause a Stomach Ulcer?

Yes. H. pylori is one of the main causes of peptic ulcers. Therefore, the doctor may request tests to detect the infection when an ulcer is diagnosed or suspected.

When Does a Person With a Stomach Ulcer Need an Endoscopy?

A patient may need a gastroscopy when the doctor determines that the symptoms or condition require direct examination of the stomach lining, or to confirm the presence of an ulcer and identify its cause. Endoscopy may also allow a tissue sample to be taken when necessary.